These mushrooms are small with a conic to convex cap which is usually less than 5cm in diameter. Inocybe aeruginascens contains the formerly known alkaloids psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, as well a newly discovered indoleamine 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N,N-trimethyl tryptamine. ... a nice rains going to come during May/June and you're going to have mushrooms coming out your ears. Inocybe tricolor Kühner Mycena. Mushrooms.com spore syringes are loaded with hundreds of thousands of highly active spores. [citation needed] It grows in moist sandy soils in a mycorrhizal relationship with poplar, linden, oak and willow trees. Inocybe aeruginascens ... and Psilocybe. The additional methyl group creates a positively charged trimethylammonium group on aeruginascin compared to a dimethylamine group on psilocybin. Jensen N. Tryptamines as Ligands and Modulators of the Serotonin 5‑HT 2A Receptor and the Isolation of Aeruginascin from the Hallucinogenic Mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens. source: shroomery.org. It has a partial veil which often disappears in age and an unpleasant soapy odor. Cap discussed the potential importance of aeruginascin (and/or its active metabolite 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamonium aka 4-OH-TMT) in wood lover paralysis (WLP).5 However, the authors did not report any findings regarding the biological activity of aeruginascin or 4-OH-TMT. Dr. Gartz described the experiences of those ingesting mushrooms without aeruginascin (and high in psilocybin and psilocin) as an “often slight and in some cases deep dysphoric mood” accompanied by psychosis, panic, and anxiety. Based on its chemistry, scientists don’t think that aeruginascin can cross the blood-brain barrier.4  Similar compounds entering the human body would have to be demethylated to become metabolically active or be attached to a transporter protein or other molecule. The only information in the scientific literature about the effects of aeruginascin is from a 1989 study published by Gartz.3 In this work, he analyzed 23 cases of the accidental hallucinogenic mushroom poisonings. In their 2020 paper, Sherwood et al. Planta medica. Psilocybin mushrooms are mushrooms which contain the hallucinogenic substances psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin and norbaeocystin.The mushrooms are collected and grown as an entheogen and recreational drug, despite being illegal in many countries.Many psilocybin mushrooms are in the genus Psilocybe, but species across several other genera contain the drugs. In fact, Inocybe is the most commonly encountered mushroom genus for which microscopic characteristics are the only means of certain identification to the species level. Dr. Gartz hypothesized that aeruginascin modified the overall psychedelic effect of the compounds in the mushrooms, culminating in an overall euphoric feeling. In 2020, Sherwood et al. Aeruginascin is one of several compounds found in a single species of psychedelic mushrooms (aka magic mushrooms) known as Inocybe aeruginascens.1 As of 2020, aeruginascin is seldom mentioned in the scientific literature, psychedelic discussion boards, or even experience reports. Inocybe aeruginascens contains the formerly known alkaloids psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, as well a newly discovered indoleamine 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine. © 2021 Psychedelic Science Review | About PSR | Contact Us | Terms & Privacy Policy, Aeruginascin: An Understudied Psilocybin Derivative, State of the Art of Aeruginascin – July 2019, Wood Lover Paralysis: An Unsolved Mystery, Reserchers Define the Chemical Structure of Aeruginascin, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.632.9308&rep=rep1&type=pdf, [3-[2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl] hydrogen phosphate, Jensen N, Gartz J, Laatsch H, F. Aeruginascin, a trimethylammonium analogue of psilocybin from the hallucinogenic mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens. The hallucinogenic mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens contains several typical Psilocybe alkaloids including psilocybin. … In contrast, psilocybin has two methyl groups, and baeocystin has just one. The species was first documented by I. Ferencz in Ócsa, Hungary on June 15, 1965.[1]. 13, 21 Psilocybe semilanceata is the best studied psychoactive mushroom species in the world 1, 14, 18, 19, 17, 22, 23 and is known to contain psilocybin and baeocystin (Table 1). Figure 2: The chemical structures of baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and bufotenidine. The chemical structure of aeruginascin is similar to psilocybin, the primary psychedelic prodrug in magic mushrooms. Both of these compounds are structural analogs of the neurotransmitter serotonin, as shown in Figure 1. Understanding and harnessing the pharmacology of aeruginascin may lead to more effective therapies for a variety of conditions, as well as advances for users seeking enhancement of their personal and professional lives. Because of the similarity of its chemical structure to bufotenidine, aeruginascin may play a role in the condition known as Wood Lover Paralysis. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. This mushroom species was first documented by J. Ferencz in Osca, Hungary on June 15, 1965. Margin incurved in young. & Cooke) Sacc. Inocybe aeruginascens (Many toxic look-alikes, Inocybes are not recommended for hunting) Inocybe corydalina var.corydalina Inocybe haemacta Panaeolus anomala Panaeolus cinctulus Panaeolus cyanescens (Southern Mediterranean coast and Normandy) Pholiotina cyanopus Psilocybe medullosa . Getting a 100% reliable ID may be tricky, perhaps even impossible for dried specimens. Mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen vorgelegt von Niels Jensen aus Hamburg Göttingen 2004. Planta Medica. Recognize and detect the effects of electrostatic charges on your balance Correct Test Weight Handling Guide: 12 Practical Tips Inocybe aeruginascens is a small mycorrhizal mushroom with a conic to convex cap which becomes plane in age and is often fibrillose near the margin. Psychedelic Science Review is working to bring cutting-edge science in the field of psychedelics to the public in the most accessible, thorough and accurate way possible. ID REQUEST possible Inocybe aeruginascens: naturallyunnatural: 1,437: 5: 11/11/09 02:53 PM by landsnorkler: ID Help Please - Is this Inocybe aeruginascens? The first specimen of this species were documented on June 15, 1965. These are not cheap clear spore syringes like most vendors sell. However, several unintentional intoxications with Inocybe aeruginascens have been reported and this mushroom is consumed for its hallucinogenic effects." The chemical structures of all mentioned fungal substituted tryptamines are depicted in Figure 1. Inocybe aeruginascens. As Dr. Gartz observed, the entourage effect is likely at work in the overall psychedelic effects of I. aeruginascens. Aeruginascin has three methyl groups on the ethanolamine moiety, while psilocybin has two (Figure 1). 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Saprobic, growing alone or gregariously under hardwoods or conifers, and sometimes in the grass; also found on woody debris; summer and fall; not common; probably widely distributed in North America, at least as a species group. From a chemical structure standpoint (in addition to the compounds shown in Figure 1) aeruginascin is similar to baeocystin and norbaeocystin (Figure 2). Aeruginascin Aeruginascin is one of several compounds found in a single species of psychedelic mushrooms (aka magic mushrooms) known as Inocybe aeruginascens. He noticed that people who had ingested Inocybe aeruginascens reported only euphoric experiences. Inocybe aeruginascens, which bruises blue at the base, is widely distributed in western America and is weakly active. The gills are adnate to nearly free, numerous, colored pale brown, grayish brown, or tobacco brown. That's assuming what you can get is indeed Inocybe, let alone aeruginascens, but if that's the case they should be safe to consume as a psychedelic drug - but I haven't seen any experience reports. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tryptamines Found in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Norbaeocystin, Baeocystin, Norpsilocin, and Aeruginascin. Variation der Alkaloidmengen in Fruchtkörpern von Inocybe aeruginascens. Beyond the holotype collection, we find no records of further Inocybe insignis collections in American herbaria, despite Smith’s inclusion of the species in a popular identification resource, How to Know the Gilled Mushrooms (Smith et al. Inocybe aeruginascens Babos, Botanikai Kölzlemények 57 (1): 21 (1970) [MB#315818] Conic at first and expanding with age to convex and plane with an obtuse umbo. While the vast m… Aeruginascin (N,N,N-trimethyl analogue of psilocybin) was found along with psilocybin exclusively in one species, Inocybe aeruginascens (Jensen, 2004; Jensen, Gartz, & Laatsch, 2006). As of 2020, scientists know virtually nothing about the pharmacology of aeruginascin. Jochen Gartz named this new substance aeruginascin after the mushroom species. Notably, there is not a single case of any uncomfortable or terrifying trips linked to the ingestion of this mushroom, even in cases of accidental consumption. Aeruginascin, a Trimethylammonium Analogue of Psilocybin from the Hallucinogenic Mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens A Rapid Extraction and GC/MS Methodology for the Identification of Psilocyn in Mushroom/Chocolate Concoctions Found widely across central Europe, it contains an almost equal amount of three hallucinogenic compounds: psilocybin, baeocystin, and … Figure 1: The similar chemical structures of the tryptamines aeruginascin, psilocybin, and serotonin. D 7 Referent: Prof. Dr. H. Laatsch The stem is 2–7 cm long, 3 to 8 mm thick, and is equal width for the whole length, sometimes with some swelling at the base. Unfortunately, there is no research being done on aeruginascin, its chemistry, or its effects in combination with other compounds in magic mushrooms. "Aeruginascin, a Trimethylammonium Analogue of Psilocybin from the Hallucinogenic Mushroom, Extraction and analysis of indole derivatives from fungal biomass, New Aspects of the Occurrence, Chemistry, and Cultivation of European Hallucinogen Mushrooms, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inocybe_aeruginascens&oldid=960504773, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 June 2020, at 09:44. Inocybe aeruginascens, a tobacco-colored species with greenish stains and blue bruises produces three serotonin-like chemicals. Jochen Gartz named this new substance aeruginascin after the mushroom species. Inocybe aeruginascens is a member of the genus Inocybe which is widely distributed in Europe. image: wikiwand.com. 1987;53(06):539-541. doi:10.1055/s-2006-962805, Gartz J. Inocybe aeruginascens. It is usually less than 5 cm across, has a slightly darker blunt umbo and an incurved margin when young. Inocybe species are not considered suitable for consumption, although in some underdeveloped countries certain species of Inocybe mushrooms are eaten. The cap color varies from buff to light yellow brown, usually with greenish stains which disappear when the mushroom dries. Unintentional consumption could be due to the similarity of Marasmius oreades. Specifically, he stated: It seems that the significant amounts of the indole derivative aeruginascin can modify the pharmacological action of psilocybin to give an (sic) euphoric mood during psychosis with hallucinations due to ingestion of I. aeruginascens. The hallucinogenic mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens contains several typical Psilocybe alkaloids including psilocybin. Mycena cyanorrhiza Quél. The stem is fibrous and appears to be covered with fine powder near the top. And Inocybe as a group is about as dangerous as any group of shrooms get ! corydalina Inocybe haemacta Panaeolus anomalus Panaeolus cinctulus Panaeolus cyanescens (southern mediterranean coast) Psilocybe cyanescens Psilocybe semilanceata Psilocybe strictipes Germany Conocybe cyanopus Galerina steglichii Gymnopilus junonius Gymnopilus purpuratus Gymnopilus sp. The Chemistry of Aeruginascin We have now elucidated the structure of a … 2004. Inocybe aeruginascens Inocybe corydalina var. named aeruginascin as the quaternary ammonium compd. Along with psilocybin and psilocin, magic mushrooms also contain other compounds like baeocystin and norbaeocystin, 4 norpsilocin, 5 and phenethylamine. As far as it is currently known, this trimethylammonium analog of psilocybin has only been reported to occur in the hallucinogenic species Inocybe aeruginascens Babos. [1][3] Aeruginascin is the N-trimethyl analogue of psilocybin. The species Inocybe aeruginascens is thought to contain roughly equal amounts of psilocybin, baeocystin and the compound aeruginascin. Laughing gym Gymnopilus junonius is a species of mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae. No toxicology information exists on Inocybe aeruginascens currently, however a minimum of "23 unintentional intoxications" were reported in 1982 by Drewitz and Babos. N,N,N-trimethyl-4-phosphoryloxytryptamine. It is usually less than 5 cm across, has a slightly darker blunt umbo and an in incurved margin when young. Inocybe Aeruginascens Inocybe aeruginascens is a member of the genus Inocybe which is widely distributed in Europe. 1989;27(3):141-144. doi:10.3109/13880208909053954.  It is also closely related to a compound in toad secretions (aka venom) called bufotenidine (Figure 2). The spores are smooth and ellipsoid, measuring 6–9.5 x 4.5 micrometres and forming a clay brown spore print. Stropharia Aeruginosa Identification. Aeruginascin is the N-trimethyl analogue of psilocybin. 6 One species of magic mushroom, Inocybe aeruginascens, contains a compound called aeruginascin. The German chemist Jochen Gartz was the first to isolate aeruginascin from extracts of I. aeruginascens.2 He found from further analysis that the concentration of aeruginascin in the mushrooms was comparable to that of psilocybin and baeocystin.3 The quaternary trimethylammonium structure of aeruginascin was confirmed using 1H-NMR in 2004.3. 7 Aeruginascin is a structural analog of psilocybin having three methyl groups on its terminal … The species was first documented by I. Inocybe aeruginascens is a small mycorrhizal mushroom with a conic to convex cap which becomes plane in age and is often fibrillose near the margin. Many species contain large doses of muscarine, and no easy method of distinguishing them from potentially edible species exists. The symptoms of "intoxication" were hallucinogenic, leading Gartz and Drewitz to eventually discover the first source of psilocybin in any Inocybe species. It is usually less than 5 cm across, has a slightly darker blunt umbo and an incurved margin when young. They’re also widely distributed in temperate areas and has been reported in moist, sandy soils in central Europe and western North America. Inocybe aeruginascens is a small mycorrhizal mushroom with a conic to convex cap which becomes plane in age and is often fibrillose near the margin. hillycastle: 1,832: 4: 11/05/14 12:34 AM by hillycastle: Inocybe aeruginascens ? corydalina Quél. All 24 of the “good trippers” had eaten a species of mushroom called Inocybe aeruginascens. Cap: 1-5 cm broad. What it does in the body and how it works is still a mystery. Out of the many different intermediates, of particular interest is the production of psychedelic components of different mushroom species, such as the chemical aeruginascin from the mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens, as well as a variety of tryptamine derivatives which are also psychoactive. 1979). It closely resembles another fungi, the fairy ring mushroom (Marasmius oreades), a choice edible with a distinctive nutty taste. International Journal of Crude Drug Research. The collection described in the present work was made in 2011 from central Illinois and Inocybe corydalina var. [2] There are no known deaths directly related to consumption, however edibility is not yet conclusive. 2006;72(7):665. doi:10.1055/s-2006-931576, Gartz J. Analysis of aeruginascin in fruit bodies of the mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens. 1 As of 2020, aeruginascin is seldom mentioned in the scientific literature, psychedelic discussion boards, or even experience reports. (Kuyper 1986). It is solid, pale grey, becoming bluish green from the bottom up. Inocybe aeruginascens is a member of the genus Inocybe which is widely distributed in Europe. The color is osrdid buff ot ochraceous brown with greenish tinges. Inocybe aeruginascens and Pholiotina cyanopus are the only known natural sources of aeruginascin. Aeruginascin remains an understudied psilocybin derivative that may have significant contributions to make in psychedelic therapy and personal growth. erinaceomorpha (Stangl & J. Veselsky´) Kuyper Inocybe haemacta (Berk. QUOTE: "Toxicology of aeruginascin in thuman pharmacology and toxicology of aeruginascin has not been tested yet. Further research could help answer questions like whether 4-OH-TMT is involved in so-called bad trips, or if it is the cause of the temporary paralysis seen in WLP. We have now elucidated the structure of a further indole deriv. February 2020. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01061. Sherwood AM, Halberstadt AL, Klein AK, et al. The fruit body has greenish tones and bruises blue where damaged. Inocybe Inocybe aeruginascens Babos Inocybe coelestium Kuyper Inocybe corydalina var. Two possibly hallucinogenic, but quite small, Conocybe s have been reported in the West: Conocybe cyanopus (Washington, Colorado, British Columbia) and Conocybe smithii (Oregon and Washington). published a synthetic method to produce aeruginascin.5 They made aeruginascin by quaternization of psilocybin “using excess methyl iodide in methanol treated with aqueous ammonium hydroxide.” The aeruginascin was collected by filtration and washing with methanol. Join our communities on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram and share our content with your network to help us bring scientifically-backed information about psychedelics to the world. Inocybe aeruginascens is widely distributed in temperate areas and has been reported in central Europe and western North America. Only one mushroom on earth produces aeruginascin: Inocybe aeruginascens, a tobacco-colored species with blue bruises and green stains. So, as of today, there is still an unmet need for studying the biological activity of aeruginascin. Ecology. This resemblance often causes accidental ingestion of aeruginascens mushrooms. Specifically, aeruginascin has three methyl groups on the ethylamine moiety. J Nat Prod.